Belgian Congo (1908-1960)

Portrait photograph from the personnel file of Paul Panda Farnana
Worlds Apart? Archival sources provide answers

Contemporary racism has deep roots in the colonial period. But how exactly did racism shape daily life in Congo and Ruanda-Urundi?

In this module, students explore racial segregation through four themes: education, careers, work, and housing. Using digital and interactive tools, they engage with government publications and archival records.

How was colonial society structured along racial lines? Were there exceptions to the rules? And can students draw parallels with the world they know today?

Place & period
Belgian Congo (1908-1960)
Ruanda-Urundi (1919-1962)
Theme
Governance
Diaspora
Economy
Violence
Independance
Education
Racism
Resistance
Type
Lesson package
Historical sources
Audio
Year
2025
Language
Dutch
French
Target audience
3rd stage secondary
Duration
100 min.
Cover of the book “Congo: Colonization/Decolonization. History in Documents”
Hundreds of historical sources for your classes

The AfricaMuseum’s collection holds thousands of historical records from the colonial period. This book selects hundreds of texts, photographs, maps, videos, audio clips, objects, posters, artworks, and testimonies, specifically tailored for teachers.

A timeline, glossary, and historical context provide insight into the long history of the DR Congo. In addition to focused themes such as resistance, segregation, and representation, the book also takes a multiperspective approach to the colonial past.

All sources are available on a DVD-ROM.

Place & period
Precolonial (…-1885)
Congo Free State (1885-1908)
Belgian Congo (1908-1960)
DR Congo (1960-...)
Theme
Governance
Decolonization
Diaspora
Economy
Heritage and memory
Gender
Violence
Independance
Education
Propaganda
Racism
Religion
Resistance
Type
Book
Historical sources
Video
Audio
Database
Testimony
Work of art
Organisation
Year
2012
Language
French
Dutch
Target audience
1st stage secondary
2nd stage secondary
3rd stage secondary
Duration
N/A
Photo of a ‘ménagère’ and her mixed-race child around 1905
A crime against humanity? A trial with archival sources

In 2020, five women of mixed-race took Belgium to court, accusing the state of crimes against humanity. They had been born during the colonial era to an African mother and a European father.

This landmark trial is the starting point for the educational module. Students step into the role of judges: they examine the charges, listen to testimony from a witness and an expert, analyze archival records as evidence, and study a reconstruction of events.

What verdict will your students reach?

Place & period
Belgian Congo (1908-1960)
Ruanda-Urundi (1919-1962)
Theme
Governance
Decolonization
Diaspora
Gender
Independance
Education
Racism
Religion
Resistance
Type
Lesson package
Historical sources
Video
Testimony
Year
2025
Language
French
Dutch
Target audience
3rd stage secondary
Duration
80 min.